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28
Jan
C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Inflammation, Infection & Risk
Key Biomarkers in Clinical Diagnostics
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a critical acute-phase protein synthesized by the liver. It serves as a rapid-response sentinel, rising significantly in the bloodstream within hours of infection, tissue injury, or systemic inflammation.
Core Biological Functions
ðĄïļ Immune Defense
CRP is a pillar of innate immunity. It activates the classical complement pathway and enhances opsonization, which flags pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells.
ð Inflammatory Marker
Its concentration directly correlates with the severity of tissue damage. Rapid spikes are seen in bacterial infections, trauma, and acute myocardial infarction.
Clinical Significance
- âĒ Infection Differentiation: CRP levels are markedly elevated in bacterial infections but typically remain low or mild in viral cases, aiding in rapid diagnostic decisions.
- âĒ Disease Monitoring: Used to track therapeutic response in rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, and chronic inflammatory disorders.
- âĒ Cardiovascular Risk: High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) detects low-grade inflammation, serving as a powerful predictor for heart attacks and strokes.
Clinical Considerations
Non-specific Nature: While CRP is a sensitive indicator, it is not disease-specific. It confirms inflammation exists but does not pinpoint the cause. Always interpret results alongside clinical findings and imaging.
Pre-analytical Factors: To ensure accuracy, samples should ideally be collected under fasting conditions. Patients should avoid alcohol and strenuous exercise before testing.
Biofargo team
