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29
Jan
Albumin: Functions, Clinical Significance, and Treatment
A comprehensive guide to the most abundant protein in human plasma.
Albumin is the cornerstone of human plasma proteins. Primarily synthesized by the liver, it accounts for approximately 50% of total plasma protein. With a normal serum concentration ranging from 35 to 51 g/L, it serves as a vital indicator of nutritional status and hepatic health.
Core Physiological Functions
• Oncotic Pressure
Maintains plasma colloid osmotic pressure, preventing fluid leakage and edema.
• Transport Carrier
Binds fatty acids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs for systemic distribution.
• Nutritional Reserve
Provides a source of amino acids during high metabolic demand.
• Antioxidant Buffer
Contributes to acid-base balancing and protects against oxidative stress.
Clinical Significance
| Condition | Clinical Implications |
|---|---|
| Hypoalbuminemia (Low) | Linked to liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition, and severe trauma. |
| Hyperalbuminemia (High) | Primarily associated with dehydration or hemoconcentration. |
Management & Therapy
Human Serum Albumin Therapy
Clinically used to treat severe cases of hypoalbuminemia, major burns, shock, and cirrhosis-related ascites, especially in intensive care environments.
Prevention & Maintenance
- Ensure a balanced diet with sufficient protein and caloric intake.
- Support liver health by limiting alcohol and avoiding hepatotoxic drugs.
- Regular monitoring for patients with chronic conditions.
Biofargo team
