Bcakground Recombinant mouse LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) is commonly used in cell culture to maintain the pluripotency of stem cells. LIF is a widely expressed pleiotropic member of the IL-6...

Description PDGF-BB (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB) is an important growth factor belonging to the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family. It consists of two identical B chains linked by disulfide bonds to...

Description PDGF-AB (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-AB) is an important dimeric protein growth factor belonging to the PDGF family, formed by one A chain and one B chain linked via disulfide bonds....

Description IL-6 (Interleukin-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted by various cell types, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. It plays a critical role in immune regulation,...

Description IFN-γ (Interferon-gamma) is a cytokine produced by immune cells such as T cells and NK cells, belonging to the type II interferon family. It plays a central role in...

Description FGF-2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (Basic)), also known as bFGF, is one of the earliest recognized members of the FGF family. Secreted by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages,...

Description As a master regulator of Th2 immunity, IL-4 activates the JAK1/3-STAT6 signaling cascade via the IL-4Rα/γc receptor complex, directing naive CD4+ T-cell differentiation into Th2 effectors secreting IL-5/IL-13 while...

Background Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a pivotal glycosylated cytokine functioning extracellularly as a homodimer. Its core function is to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells into...