Bcakground Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes into the circulation and plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Circulating leptin binds to the leptin receptor in the...
Bcakground Recombinant mouse LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) is commonly used in cell culture to maintain the pluripotency of stem cells. LIF is a widely expressed pleiotropic member of the IL-6...
Bcakground Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor(M-CSF),also known as CSF-1, is a four-alpha -helical-bundle cytokine that is the primary regulator of macrophage survival, proliferation and differentiation (1-3). M-CSF protein is also essential...
Bcakground MIF (or macrophage migration inhibitory factor) was the first lymphokine/cytokine to be recognized in the pregenomics era (1, 2). Regardless, it is one of the least understood of all...
Bcakground Noggin is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (1, 2). Secreted Noggin probably remains close to the cell surface due to its...
Bcakground Oncostatin M (OSM)is a member of a cytokine subfamily that includes IL-6, IL-11, LIF, CNTF, and cardiotrophin-1. These cytokines have overlapping biological functions and shared receptor components. Mouse OSM...
Bcakground TRANCE/TRANCE/RANK L is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. TRANCE was originally identified as an immediate early gene upregulated by T cell receptor stimulation. The mouse...
TRANCE (receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand [RANK L], also called TNF-related activation-induced cytokine [TRANCE], osteoprotegrin ligand [OPGL], and osteoclast differentiation factor [ODF]), is a member of the tumor necrosis...