Bcakground

Noggin is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (1, 2). Secreted Noggin probably remains close to the cell surface due to its binding ofheparin-containing proteoglycans (3). Noggin is very highly conserved among vertebrates, such that mature mouse Noggin shares 99%, 100%, 98%, 97% and 87% aa sequence identity with human, rat, bovine, equine and chicken Noggin, respectively. Noggin binds some BMPs such as BMP-4 with high affinity and others such as BMP-7 with lower affinity. It antagonizes BMP bioactivities by blocking epitopes on BMPs that are needed for binding to both type I and type II receptors (2, 4). During embryogenesis, Noggin antagonizes specific BMPs at defined times, for example, during neural tube, somite and cardiomyocyte growth and patterning (5-7). During skeletal development, Noggin prevents chondrocyte hyperplasia, thus allowing proper formation of joints (4). Mutations within the cysteine-knot region of human Noggin are linked to multiple types of skeletal dysplasias that result in apical joint fusions (8). Noggin is expressed in defined areas of the adult central nervous system and peripheral tissues such as lung, skeletal muscle and skin (1). During culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or neural stem cells under certain conditions, addition of Noggin to antagonize BMP activity may allow stem cells to proliferate while maintaining their undifferentiated state, or alternatively, to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons (6, 9-13).

Reference

1. Valenzuela, D.M. et al. (1995) J. Neurosci. 15:6077.

2. Groppe, J. et al. (2002) Nature 420:636.

3. Paine-Saunders, S et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:2089.

4. Brunet, L. J. et al. (1998) Science 280:1455.

5. McMahon, J. A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev. 12:1438.

6. Itsykson, P. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 30:24.

7. Yuasa, S. et al. (2005) Nat. Biotechnol. 23:607.

8. Gong, Y. et al. (1999) Nat. Genet. 21:302.

9. Xu, R.-H. et al. (2005) Nat. Methods 2:185.

10. Wang, G. et al. (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330:934.

11. Chaturvedi, G. et al. (2009) Cell Prolif. 42:425.

12. Chiba, S. et al. (2008) Stem Cells 26:2810.

Specifications

Synonyms	NOG; Noggin; SYM1; symphalangism 1 (proximal); synostoses (multiple) syndrome 1; SYNS1; SYNS1A
Accession #	P97466
Source	Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived mouse Noggin protein
Source	Leu20-Cys232
Predicted Moleucular weight	23.1 kDa

Components and Storage

Formulation	Solution protein
	Dissolved in sterile PBS buffer.
	This solution can be diluted into other aqueous buffers. Centrifuge the vial prior to opening.
Storage and Stability	Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
	It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage.
	12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
Shipping	Shipping with dry ice

Quality

Purity	> 95%, determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin Level	<0.010 EU per 1 ug of the protein by the LAL method
Activity	Measured by its ability to inhibit BMP-4-induced alkaline phosphatase production by ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cells
Activity	The EC50 for this effect is 12-20 ng/mL in the presence of 50 ng/mL of Recombinant Human BMP-4.

SDS-PAGE

Bioactivity

Documents

Mouse Noggin