Streptococcus anginosus: Urinary Tract Infection and PCR Detection

S. anginosus produces virulence enzymes such as hyaluronidase and DNase.

These enzymes facilitate adhesion to uroepithelial cells and promote bacterial colonization and proliferation.

As a result, local inflammation is triggered, leading to tissue damage within the urinary tract.

1. Ascending Infection
The primary route of infection is ascending spread through the urethra.

Females are more susceptible due to anatomical factors (short and wide urethra), while males with conditions such as phimosis or poor hygiene are also at increased risk.

2. Hematogenous Spread
Untreated infections such as upper respiratory or skin infections may allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream and spread to the kidneys, causing upper urinary tract infections.

3. Additional Risk Factors

• Long-term catheterization
• Urinary tract stones
• Immunosuppression
• Poor personal hygiene
• Frequent sexual activity
• Antibiotic misuse leading to microbiota imbalance
• Physiological conditions such as pregnancy

1. Typical Symptoms
Includes urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, fever, and fatigue.

2. Severity
Symptoms vary depending on infection site and severity.

Mild cases may present with minor discomfort, while severe infections can lead to systemic complications and may become life-threatening if untreated.

1. Oral Hygiene
Brush teeth regularly and use mouthwash to reduce bacterial load and prevent migration from oral sites.

2. Immune Support
Maintain balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and adequate sleep to strengthen immune defenses.

3. Personal Hygiene
Keep the perineal area clean and dry, change underwear frequently, and avoid tight clothing.

Avoid unnecessary antibiotic use to maintain microbiota balance.