04
Feb
Key Highlights
Central Metabolism: Catalyzes the 6th step of glycolysis.
Moonlighting Functions: Involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, and gene expression.
Clinical Biomarker: Early indicator for MI and various metabolic disorders.
Biological Function & Regulation
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a cornerstone enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. It facilitates the oxidation and phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).
The Glycolytic Reaction:
$Glyceraldehyde\text{-}3\text{-}phosphate + NAD^+ + P_i \rightleftharpoons 1,3\text{-}bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H^+$
Beyond its metabolic home, GAPDH is a "moonlighting" protein. Its function shifts based on Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) like S-nitrosylation or phosphorylation, leading to its translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus during cellular stress.
Clinical Significance & Pathophysiology
Condition
Mechanism / Role of GAPDH
Myocardial Infarction
Early serum biomarker; elevates sooner than CK or AST.
COVID-19
Inhibition triggers NETosis and inflammatory cytokine storms.
Sarcopenia
S-nitrosylation leads to p53-mediated myofiber apoptosis.
Oncology
Overexpressed in HCC, Lung Cancer, and Glioma; promotes survival.
Broad Spectrum Impact
Neurodegeneration
Key mediator in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's through protein aggregation and neuronal apoptosis.
Liver & Kidney
Reflects hepatocellular damage in hepatitis and metabolic stress in chronic pyelonephritis.
Infectious Disease
Essential for energy in parasites (e.g., Plasmodium ), making it a novel drug target.
Need GAPDH Detection Kits or Antibodies for your research?
Explore BioFargo's high-sensitivity assays for metabolic profiling.
February 04, 2026
BIOFARGO TEAM
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