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CVID11; IL21; IL-21; IL-21Za11interleukin-21; interleukin 21; interleukin-21 isoform; Za12
$198.00
Sku: RP640-10UG
Bcakground
Interleukin-21(IL-21) is an approximately 14 kDa four-helix-bundle cytokine in the family of cytokines that utilize the common gamma chain as a receptor subunit. gamma c is also a subunit of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 (1). IL-21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells (2-6). It exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex of gamma c and the IL-21-specific IL-21 R (2, 7). Tfh-derived IL-21 plays an important role in the development of humoral immunity through its autocrine effects on the Tfh cell and paracrine effects on immunoglobulin affinity maturation, plasma cell differentiation, and B cell memory responses (4, 8, 9). It is also required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes (10). IL-21 regulates several aspects of T cell function. It co-stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization (3, 5, 6, 11, 12). It blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells (13, 14). IL-21 R engagement enhances the cytolytic activity and IFN-gamma production of activated NK cells but limits the expansion of resting NK cells (15). IL-21 suppresses cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions by limiting allergen-specific IgE production and mast cell degranulation (16). Dysregulation of the IL-21/IL-21 R system contributes to the development of multiple immunological disorders (1, 17).
Reference
1.Leonard, W.J. et al. (2008) J. Leukoc. Biol. 84:348.
2. Parrish-Novak, et al. (2000) Nature 408:57.
3. Coquet, J.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:2827.
4. Vogelzang, A. et al. (2008) Immunity 29:127.
5. Korn, T. et al. (2007) Nature 448:484.
6. Nurieva, R. et al. (2007) Nature 448:480.
7. Asao, H. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1.
8. Zotos, D. et al. (2010) J. Exp. Med. 207:365.
9. Rankin, A.L. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:667.
10. Jin, H. et al. (2009) J. Clin. Invest. 119:47.
11. Frohlich, A. et al. (2009) Science 324:1576.
12. Yi, J.S., et al. (2009) Science 324:1572.
13. Peluso, I. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:732.
14. Bucher, C. et al. (2009) Blood 114:5375.
15. Kasaian, M.T. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:559.
16. Tamagawa-Mineoka, R. et al. (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol. 131:1513.
17. Ma, J. et al. (2011) Cytokine 56:133.
Specifications
| Synonyms | CVID11; IL21; IL-21; IL-21Za11interleukin-21; interleukin 21; interleukin-21 isoform; Za11 |
| Accession # | Q9ES17 |
| Source | Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived mouse IL-21 protein |
| Pro25-Ser146 | |
| Predicted Moleucular weight | 15.0 kDa |
Components and Storage
| Formulation | Solution protein |
| Dissolved in sterile PBS buffer. | |
| This solution can be diluted into other aqueous buffers. Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. | |
| Storage and Stability | Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
| It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage | |
| 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. | |
| Shipping | Shipping with dry ice |
Quality
| Purity | > 95%, determined by SDS-PAGE |
| Endotoxin Level | <0.010 EU per 1 ug of the protein by the LAL method |
| Activity | Measured by its ability to enhance IFN-gamma secretion in NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cells. |
| The EC50 for this effect is 0.2-2.3 ng/mL. |
SDS-PAGE
Bioactivity
Documents
When can I expect my order to ship?
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We also provide express shippping for time-sensitive deliveries.
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