Bcakground

Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines (1). The IL-10 family is a class II alpha -helical collection of cytokines that contains two groups, a viral homolog and a cellular homolog group. Within the cellular homolog group, there are two additional groupings, one which uses IL-10 R2 as a signal transducing receptor (IL-10, IL-22 and IL-26), and one which uses IL-20 R2 as a signal transducing receptor (IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24) (2 - 4). Mouse IL-19 is synthesized as a 176 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 24 aa signal sequence and a 152 aa mature region (5). Based on human studies, it is expected to be secreted as a glycosylated monomer, 35 - 45 kDa in size (2, 6, 7). IL-19 is unusual in that it contains seven amphipathic helices (2, 4, 8). Mature mouse IL-19 shares 69% aa sequence identity with the mature human IL-19, and 85% and 68% aa identity to unpublished Genbank sequences for rat and canine IL-19, respectively. Although mouse IL-19 is active on human cells, human IL-19 is not active on mouse cells (5). IL-19 expression is limited to activated keratinocytes and monocytes, with a possible contribution from B cells (6, 9, 10). IL-19 binds a receptor complex consisting of the IL-20 receptor alpha (also known as IL-20 R1) and the IL-20 receptor beta (IL-20 R2) (3, 4, 11, 12). This receptor complex is also shared by IL-20 and IL-24. Notably, IL-19 is reported to actually bind to IL-20 R2, which is generally considered to be only the signal transducing receptor subunit (7, 13). Functionally, it has been reported that IL-19 both will and will not induce IL-6 and TNF production by monocytes (5, 14). It does, however, seem to drive T-helper cell differentiation towards a Th2 response, inducing both IL-10 and production of itself (5, 14).

Reference

1. Fickenscher, H. et al. (2002) Trends Immunol. 23:89.

2. Pestka, S. et al. (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:929.

3. Zdanov, (2004) Curr. Pharm. Des. 10:3873.

4. Gallagher, G. et al. (2004) Int. Immunopathol. 4:615.

5. Laio, Y.-C. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 169:4288.

6. Gallagher, G. et al. (2000) Genes Immun. 1:442.

7. Pletnev, S. et al. (2003) Biochemistry 42:12617.

8. Chang, C. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:3308.

9. Romer, J. et al. (2003) J. Invest. Dermatol. 121:1306.

10. Wolk, K. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:5397.

11. Dumoutier, L. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:3545.

12. Parrish-Novak, J. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:47517

13. Preimel, D. and H. Sticht (2004) J. Mol. Model. 10:290.

14. Jordan, W.J. et al. (2005) Eur. J. Immunol. 35:1576.

Specifications

Synonyms	IL-10C; IL19; IL-19; interleukin 19; MDA1; melanoma differentiation associated protein-like protein;
Accession #	Q8CJ70
Source	Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived mouse IL19 protein
Source	Leu25-Ala176
Predicted Moleucular weight	17.6 kDa

Components and Storage

Formulation	Solution protein
	Dissolved in sterile PBS buffer.
	This solution can be diluted into other aqueous buffers. Centrifuge the vial prior to opening.
Storage and Stability	Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
	It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage.
	12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
Shipping	Shipping with dry ice

Quality

Purity	> 95%, determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin Stability	<0.010 EU per 1 ug of the protein by the LAL method
Shipping	Measured in a cell proliferation assay using BaF3 mouse pro-B cells transfected with human IL-20 R alpha and human IL-20 R beta. The EC50 for this effect is 4-20 pg/mL.

SDS-PAGE

Bioactivity

Documents

Mouse IL19