Bcakground

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine in the IL-6 family, which also includes LIF, CNTF, Oncostatin M, Cardiotrophin-1, IL-27 and IL-31 (1-3). In humans, IL-11 was also independently discovered as an adipogenesis inhibitory factor (AGIF) (3). The human IL-11 cDNA encodes a 199 amino acid (aa) precursor, which generates a 178 aa, 19 kDa mature unglycosylated protein. Mature human IL-11 shares 88%, 88%, and 96% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat and canine IL-11, respectively. IL-11 is secreted by osteoblasts, synoviocytes, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, intestinal myofibroblasts, and trophoblasts, among other cell types (1). It is found in the plasma mainly during inflammation, such as that associated with viral infection, cancer, or inflammatory arthritis, and is considered to be primarily anti-inflammatory (1). It stimulates hematopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, regulates macrophage differentiation, and confers mucosal protection in the intestine (1). It has also been found to enhance T cell polarization toward Th2, promote B cell IgG production, increase osteoclast bone absorption, protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress, and regulate epithelial proliferation and apoptosis (1). IL-11 synergizes with several other cytokines to produce these effects, and its effects overlap with those of IL-6 (1). IL-11 receptor activation requires formation of a complex of two IL-11 molecules with two molecules of the ligand-binding IL-11 R alpha subunit and two molecules of the ubiquitously expressed cell signaling beta subunit, gp130 (4). A soluble form of IL-11 R alpha can bind IL-11 and either form a signaling complex with gp130 on the cell surface, or inhibit cell surface IL-11 R alpha /gp130 signaling (5-7).

Reference

1. Putoczki, T. and M. Ernst (2010) J. Leukoc. Biol. 88:1109.

2. Paul, S.R. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7512.

3. Kawashima, I. et al. (1991) FEBS Lett. 283:199.

4. Barton, V.A. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:36197.

5. Curtis, D.J. et al. (1997) Blood 90:4403.

6. Baumann, H. et al. (1996) J. Immunol. 157:284.

7. Karow, J. et al. (1996) Biochem. J. 318:489.

Specifications

Synonyms	Human IL11; IL11; IL-11; Oprelvekin; interleukin 11; interleukin-11; Adipogenesis inhibitory factor
Accession #	P20809.1
Source	Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human IL-11 protein
Source	Pro22-Leu199
Predicted Moleucular weight	19.1 kDa

Components and Storage

Formulation	Solution protein
	Dissolved in sterile PBS buffer.
	This solution can then be diluted into other aqueous buffers. Centrifuge the vial prior to opening.
Storage and Stability	Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
	It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage.
	12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
Shipping	Shipping with dry ice.

Quality

Purity	> 95%, determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin Stability	<0.010 EU per 1 ug of the protein by the LAL method.
Shipping	Measured in a cell proliferation assay using T11 mouse plasmacytoma cells
Shipping	The EC50 for this effect is 0.02-0.10 ng/mL.

SDS-PAGE

Gel filtration

Bioactivity

Documents

Human IL11