Bcakground

Granulocyte Macrophage Growth Factor(GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. In response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli, GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes (1). As a survival factor, GM-CSF activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3-5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). Mature human GM-CSF shares 63%-70% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, porcine, and rat GM-CSF and 54% with mouse GM-CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (8, 9). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (10).

Reference

1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.

2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509.

3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163.

4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362.

5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405.

6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148.

7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.

8. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.

9. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.

10. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483

Specifications

Synonyms	Colony stimulating factor 2, CSF-2, GMCSF
Accession #	P04141
Source	Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human GM-CSF/CSF2 protein
Source	Ala18-Glu144
Predicted Moleucular weight	14.5 kDa

Components and Storage

Formulation	Solution protein.
	Dissolved in sterile PBS buffer.
	This solution can be diluted into other aqueous buffers. Centrifuge the vial prior to opening.
Storage and Stability	Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
	It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage.
	12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
Shipping	Shipping with dry ice.

Quality

Purity	> 95%, determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin Level	<0.010 EU per 1 ug of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity	Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells.
Activity	The EC50 for this effect is 2-20 pg/mL.

SDS-PAGE

Gel filtration

Bioactivity

Documents

Human CSF2